neuralnetwork

some useful links of thousands

Similar scope of Research

self-organization, complex adaptive systems and_Networks

hypercycles and evolution, the same story over and over

Co-evolution

Systems Theory and Cybernetics

Pareto Zipf Mandelbrot PZM Power Laws

Neural Networks

Search engines in Conceptual Space

empirical World Wide Web distributions




similar scope of resarch:

Scale-Free Thinking by Eyal Sivan

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In the Mandara Mountains of northern Cameroon live the Mofu, ethnic tribes whose culture is based on a reverence for social insects. Their favorite is a breed of ferocious red ant known to them as jaglavak. There are many other species too: ndroa, mananeh and ndakkol. These names all have one thing in common: they are both plural and singular. Jaklavak refers equally to one ant, a colony of ants, or all the ants in the world.

When we look at an ant colony, we see a group of individual units, but when the Mofu look at an ant colony, they see a single being. Whether you zoom in on one ant, or zoom out to see a whole colony, each of these scales presents a unique and singular entity. The ant and the colony each has its own properties, behaviours and adaptations. If this view resonates with you, then you are thinking scale-free.

Scale-Free Mathematics

Imagine a line of fixed length. Now split that line into thirds and remove the middle third, leaving you with two lines. Now split each of those into threes and remove the middles, so that you have four lines. Keep splitting each line, again and again, to infinity. Now, how long is the total set of lines and spaces? Still the same original fixed length, of course. But how many smaller lines and spaces is it made up from? Infinite lines and infinite spaces. So is this new shape of fixed length or infinite length? That is exactly the thought experiment introduced by German mathematician Georg Cantor in 1883 when he defined the Cantor set:

cantor_set

The unique thing about a Cantor set is its simplicity. Taking the result of a very simple process and feeding it back into itself over and over, ad infinitum, results in a highly complex shape. This process, known as recursion, creates a shape where no matter how far you zoom in, it always looks the same as where you started. At any magnification, the parts are similar to the whole. In mathematics, this property came to be called self-similarity, and it marks the dawn of formal scale-free thinking. ...



The Self-Organizing Universe

The Self-Organizing Universe is a seminal book by Erich Jantsch that deals with self-organization as a unifying evolutionary paradigm that incorporates ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Self-Organizing_Universe - 1


eco devo universe community  EDU

The underlying paradigm for cosmology is theoretical physics. The EDU research community explores how it might be extended by including insights from evolutionary developmental biology. In the neo-Darwinian paradigm, adaptive evolutionary development allows the production of ordered and complex structures. More specifically, we can distinguish evolutionary processes which are contingently adaptive and developmental processes which produce systemically statistically predictable structures and megatrajectories internal to the developmental cycle. By analogy with the evolutionary development of two genetically identical twins, would two initially parametrically identical universes each exhibit unpredictably separate and unique evolutionary differentiation over their lifespan, and at the same time, a broad set of predictable developmental milestones and shared structure and function between them? More generally, can we model our universe as an evolutionary developmental system?

John Smart
EvoDevoUniverse ? A Framework for Speculations on Cosmic Culture


in Cosmos and Culture, Steven J. Dick (ed.), NASA Press (forthcoming).
Abstract evodevouniverse
The underlying paradigm for cosmology is theoretical physics. In this paper we explore ways this framework might be extended with insights from information and computation studies and evolutionary developmental (evo-devo) biology. We also briefly consider implications of such a framework for cosmic culture. In organic systems, adaptive evolutionary development guides the production of intelligent, ordered and complex structures. In such systems we can distinguish evolutionary processes which are chaotic, creative, and contingently adaptive, and developmental processes which produce convergent, conservative, and systemically statistically predictable structures and trajectories.
By analogy with two genetically identical twins, would two parametrically identical universes each engage in unpredictably different and unique evolutionary pathways over their lifespan, and at the same time, share a broad set of predictable developmental milestones, structure and function between them? We suggest so.
We will briefly model our universe as an informational, evolutionary and developmental system−as an info evo devo universe (abbreviated ‘evo devo universe’ hereafter). Our framework will try to reconcile the majority of apparently unpredictable, evolutionary features of universal emergence with a special subset of statistically predictable and apparently developmental universal trends, including:
accelerating emergences (significant advances),  in universal complexity, a pattern seen over the last half—but not the first half—of the universe’s history
• increasing spatial and temporal locality of universal complexity development
• apparently hierarchical emergence of increasingly matter- and energy-dense, and matter- and energy-efficient ‘substrates’ (platforms) for adaptation and computation
the apparent accelerating trend, on Earth, toward increasingly postbiological (technological) systems of physical transformation and computation.


Hypercycle and the Operator Hierarchy
Gerard Jager's Website gives a detailed overview describing the ingredients of his Operator Hierarchy.
The basic concept is a recurrent evolution of operators in nature from superstrings to biological memons going through distinct phases of closure.:
superstring, hadron, atom, cell, memon (multicellular entity with neural network).

Santa Fe Institute

The Santa Fe Institute is devoted to creating a new kind of scientific research community, one emphasizing multi-disciplinary collaboration in pursuit of ...
www.santafe.edu/
Geoffry's West research on hierarchical branching network systems can be  considered as  pathbreaking.
It's a young institute with a very open upstart, but already showing sings of being institutuionalized into  disciplines with shaded eyeglasses for truly transdisciplinary research

Vince@santafe.edu : complex systems and evolution links

spacefilling energy transformation networks



Universal evolution  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_(philosophy)

Vernadsky's and Teilhard's theories

Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin independently formulated very similar theories describing the gradual development of the Universe from subatomic particles to human society and beyond. Teilhard's theories are better known in the West (and have also been commented on by Julian Huxley), and integrate Darwinian evolution and Christianity, whilst Vernadsky wrote more purely from a scientific perspective, and his ideas contributed to Gaia theory.

Three classic levels are described. Cosmogenesis (Teilhard) or the formation of inanimate matter (the Physiosphere of Wilber), culminating in the Lithosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, etc (Teilhard), or collectively, the Geosphere (Vernadsky). Here progress is ruled by structure and mechanical laws, and matter is primarily of the nature of non-consciousness (Teilhard - the "Without").

This is followed by Biogenesis (Teilhard) and the origin of life or the Biosphere (Vernadsky, Teilhard), where there is a greater degree of complexity and consciousness (Teilhard - the "Within"), ecology ((Vernadsky) comes into play, and progress and development is the result of Darwinian mechanisms of evolution.

Finally there is human evolution and the rise of thought or cognition (Vernadsky, Teilhard), and a further leap in complexity and the interior life or consciousness (Teilhard), resulting in the birth of the Noosphere (Vernadsky, Teilhard). Just as the biosphere transformed the geosphere, so the noosphere (human intervention) transformed the biosphere ((Vernadsky). Here the evolution of human society (socialization) is ruled by psychological, economic, informational and communicative processes.

For Teilhard there is a further stage, one of spiritual evolution, the Christing of the collective noosphere, in which humanity converges in a single divinisation he calls the Omega Point.

Natural Genesis
an excellent synopsis of the present day state of the art,
the outlook however seems to me  "new age" oriented

The universe is progressing in a direction toward greater intelligence, conscious awareness, & self-understanding. The dark universe becomes gradually more lit up with consciousness.

David Grinspoon

This sourcebook documents the rising planetary vision of an organically developing universe, a cosmic genesis, by way of an annotated bibliography and anthology with over 1500 entries.  Instead of an alphabetic list, its outline conveys this once and future narrative of a quickening, numinous creation which involves human participation.  Of special note will be a respectful accord with prior wisdom and how it might advise a better, more tolerant, sustainable future.



Cosmic Evolution
An excellent site illustrating the evolution  from the big bang to present day humanity and future

Cosmic evolution is the scientific study of universal change. It is an intellectual framework that offers a grand synthesis of the many varied changes in the assembly and composition of radiation, matter, and life throughout the history of the universe. While engaging the time-honored queries of who we are and whence we came, this interdisciplinary subject attempts to unify the sciences within the entirety of natural history—a single broad scientific narrative of a possible origin and evolution of all material things, from an inferred big bang to humankind. (Closely related subjects include epic of evolution, big history, and astrobiology).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_evolution


the physicist Laurent Nottale, who developped a scale-relativity theory, to explore the fractal dimension of space-time. He also applied some of these principle to evolution. See http://luth2.obspm.fr/~luthier/nottale/ukrechel.htm for more infos.


Eric Chaisson, cosmologist and system theorist, who developed a quantitative measure for complex systems. See http://www.tufts.edu/as/wright_center/eric/ericrsrch.html


Living systems theory, LST - Wikipedia

James Grier Miller (1978) wrote a 1102-page volume to present his living systems theory. He constructed a general theory of living systems by focusing on ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_systems_theory - 34k -``

note: the giant book still fills a central place in  my very special systems library. It should be on the bookshelf of any serious systems scientist (if he has still books on his shelf).

Institute for the Study of Complex Systems

The director of the ISCS is Peter A. Corning, Ph.D., who is known especially for his work on the causal role of synergy in evolution, most notably in his ...
www.complexsystems.org/ - 8k -r

 
Center for the Study of complex systems  CSCS 
CSCS university of Michigan

The Center supports the efforts of interdisciplinary groups of researchers that take a complex systems approach to the phenomena they study. These groups are composed of University of Michigan faculty (Primary CSCS Faculty and Associated CSCS Faculty), researchers and students. CSCS also has a number of active research partnerships with organizations such as the Santa Fe Institute, Ford Research Laboratories and Argonne National Laboratory, among others.

Research Groups and Projects

A list of CSCS research groups, both active and inactive, with links to further information.


Computational Biology collaboratiorium

the central hub of a collaborative network of research institutions

Progress in life sciences is increasingly dependent on research and development in Computational Biology. In recent years, this research area underwent major growth at an international scale not hitherto paralleled in Portugal. Because biotechnology is an inherently interdisciplinary field, it is notoriously dependent on networks of collaboration (Powell et al 1996). Indeed, most researchers involved in new inventions in biotechnology can be linked via a network of scientific collaboration (Fleming, 2004). As biotechnology increasingly adopts an open-science paradigm, successful research depends not only on individual know-how, but also on collective know-whom.

Group of Complex Systems & Random Networks
University of Aveiro, Portugal
Non-equilibrium dynamical systems,  Self-organized critically, Epitaxial Growth,  Granular Media,
Small World & Random Networks .... they are on the right track


Virtual Knowledge Studio
Physics and Evulution seminar, Bad Honnef, Germany, Jannuary 2008


The Evolution of CitationWebs modelled by  Neural Networks

contribution  by Peter Winiwarter related to the emerging field of scientometrics and journalometrics


Evolution of Complex Systems

www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/peter.andras/evcxsysi.htm


Evolution in Complex Systems

www.complexity.org.au/ci/vol02/dgg94/dgg94.html



Systems Theory and Cybernetics


System Theory, GST Wikipedia

Systems theory
is an interdisciplinary field of science. It studies the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science. More specificially, it is a framework by which one can analyze and/or describe any group of objects that work in concert to produce some result. This could be a single organism, any organization or society, or any electro-mechanical or informational artifact.


Highly recommended reading and site below:

Cybernetics and Systems Thinking

Cybernetics and Systems Science (also: "(General) Systems Theory" or "Systems Research") constitute a somewhat fuzzily defined academic domain, that touches virtually all traditional disciplines, from mathematics, technology and biology to philosophy and the social sciences. It is more specifically related to the recently developing "sciences of complexity", including AI, neural networks, dynamical systems, chaos, and complex adaptive systems. Its history dates back to the 1940's and 1950's when thinkers such as Wiener, von Bertalanffy, Ashby and von Foerster founded the domain through a series of interdisciplinary meetings.

W. Ross ASHBY "Introduction to Cybernetics"
The Author of "Design for a Brain" wrote :

"Every Good Regulator of a System must be a model of that System"

in  Int. J. Systems Sci., 1970. vol 1, No. 2 pp89-97

Lotka (the guy from Lotka-Voltera equations) said,

"The principle of natural selection reveals itself as capable of yielding information which the first and second laws of thermodynamics are not competent to furnish. The two fundamental laws of thermodynamics are, of course, insufficient to determine the course of events in a physical system. They tell us that certain things cannot happen, but they do not tell us what does happen."
Howars Odum is on the right track:



Self-organization   &   Networks:


Self-organization -  Wikipedia

Self-organization is a process of attraction and repulsion in which the internal ... between emergence and self-organization remains an active research ...
Quick Links: Overview - History of the idea - Examples
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-organization -


Complex adaptive system - Wikipedia

Complex adaptive systems are special cases of complex systems. They are complex in that they are diverse and made up of multiple interconnected elements and adaptive in that they have the capacity to change and learn from experience. The term complex adaptive systems (CAS) was coined at the interdisciplinary Santa Fe Institute (SFI), by John H. Holland, Murray Gell-Mann and others.
A Complex Adaptive System (CAS) is a dynamic network of many agents (which may represent cells, species, individuals, firms, nations) acting in parallel, constantly acting and reacting to what the other agents are doing. The control of a CAS tends to be highly dispersed and decentralized. If there is to be any coherent behavior in the system, it has to arise from competition and cooperation among the agents themselves. The overall behavior of the system is the result of a huge number of decisions made every moment by many individual agents.

Hypercycles and Evolution

Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster, "The Hypercycle; principles of Natural Self-Organization",
Springer, Berlin 1979, page 86

Evolution of Complex Systems - Self Organization

Evolution of Complex Systems. 1 Table of Contents; 2 Motivation. 2.1 Challenges; 2.2 Hierarchical Life Units (Symbiotic Hierarchical Evolution) ...
www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/1402/EvolutionOfComplexSystems.htm


Self-organization

Self-organization is a process where the organization (constraint, redundancy) ... Self-organization and complexity in the natural sciences ...
pespmc1.vub.ac.be/SELFORG.html -

Self-Organization

Thus self-organization, which I find to be one of the most ... Self-organization is not just something I find interesting, it's also my research topic. ...
cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/notebooks/self-organization.html

Selected Self-Organization and the Semiotics of Evolutionary Systems

... I sketch a rough taxonomy of self-organization which may be of relevance in the ... on the one hand, that self-organization alone is not rich enough for ...
informatics.indiana.edu/rocha/ises.html -


Nonlinear Dynamics and Complex Systems Theory
A very exhaustive glossary of the terminology in the field of "self-organization"
If you want to talk "self-organization" here are all the buzzwords for experts in this field.

Bibliography on the Dynamics of complex Systems and Self-organization
vere exhaustive bibliography of books in english and french, chapterheadings in French

self-organization and artificial life
To What Extent is War a Self-Organized Emergent Dynamical Process?
To What Extent is War a Self-Organized Emergent Dynamical P
  1. Self Organization

    Self Organization in Space and Lab Plasmas. Some intriguing questions... (5) Self organization and emergence: There are at least two paradigms for the ...
    plasma.physics.swarthmore.edu/selforg/index.html - 13k 
  2. Self organization

    ... vague, it is because the term "self-organization" has been used in a variety of ... organization is stabilized, it should possibly be useful to speak of ...
    www.imprint.co.uk/thesaurus/self_organization.htm - 11

Self-organization, Entropy and Extropy

Many people will have heard of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. That's the one that states that the Universe is forever running down towards a "Heat Death". It is based on the concept of Entropy. This has several definitions - the inability of a system to do work; a measure of the disorder in a system and the one most often used nowadays - the tendency of a system to enter a more probable state, usually described as being to create chaos from order. Here we will look at the opposite idea, that order and not chaos is the most probable state.


self-organization an inherent necessity of nature?

Something is self-organizing if, left to itself, it tends to become more organized. This is an unusual, indeed quite counter-intuitive property: we expect that, left to themselves, things get messy, and that when we encounter a very high degree of order, or an increase in order, something, someone, or at least some peculiar thing, is responsible. (This is the heart of the Argument from Design.) But we now know of many instances where this expectation is simply wrong, of things which can start in a highly random state and, without being shaped from the outside, become more and more organized. Thus self-organization, which I find to be one of the most interesting concepts in modern science --- if also one of the most nebulous, because the ideas of organization, pattern, order and so forth are, as used normally, quite vague.

Evolution of Networks
S.N. Dorogovtsev, J.F.F. Mendes
(Submitted on 7 Jun 2001 (v1), last revised 7 Sep 2001 (this version, v2))
Abstract: We review the recent fast progress in statistical physics of evolving networks. Interest has focused mainly on the structural properties of random complex networks in communications, biology, social sciences and economics. A number of giant artificial networks of such a kind came into existence recently. This opens a wide field for the study of their topology, evolution, and complex processes occurring in them. Such networks possess a rich set of scaling properties. A number of them are scale-free and show striking resilience against random breakdowns. In spite of large sizes of these networks, the distances between most their vertices are short -- a feature known as the ``small-world'' effect. We discuss how growing networks self-organize into scale-free structures and the role of the mechanism of preferential linking. We consider the topological and structural properties of evolving networks, and percolation in these networks. We present a number of models demonstrating the main features of evolving networks and discuss current approaches for their simulation and analytical study. Applications of the general results to particular networks in Nature are discussed. We demonstrate the generic connections of the network growth processes with the general problems of non-equilibrium physics, econophysics, evolutionary biology, etc.

Evolution of Networks: From Biological Nets to the Internet and Www (Relié)
de Serguei N. Dorogovtsev (Auteur), Jose Fernando Ferreira Mendes (Auteur), S. N. Dorogovtsev (Auteur) "The first natural questions to ask about a network are: What does it look like? ..." (plus)

another boy playing with networks



A new literature growth model: Variable exponential growth law of ...

so we prove that most literature growth models (such as linear growth law, Price's. exponential growth law, Rescher's sliding exponential growth law, ...
www.springerlink.com/index/K187373P45062066.pdf - Pages similaires - À noter

The unified scientometric model. Fractality and transfractality

... all the bibliometric laws known and all their mathematical expressions are ... Bradford and Lotka) as well as the Price's Law of the exponential growth ...
cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16801830

Evolution and Extremum principles
(Minimize dissipated energy
and/or Maximize energy flow)

rediscovery of Zipf's "principle of least effort"

Visual example:
Geese, ducks, swans, cranes and other birds  flye in a V-shaped or oblique line  formation in order to minimize the engergy  consumption effort to fly.  (Swimming spermatozoon and ondulatory swimming microorganisms do likewise.)
"Biophysics", Springer Verlag, Berlin 1983, page 607.  

Energetics: Howard T. Odum 4 laws of energetics - Wikipdia
He is known for his pioneering work on ecosystem ecology together with his brother Eugene Odum, but also for his provocative proposals for additional laws of thermodynamics, proposals which were informed by his work within general systems theory.

Hierarchical branching Energy transformation Networks
Geoffrey West (president Santa Fe Institute):
"Organisms have evolved to
i) Minimize energy dissipated in the network.
and / or
ii) Maximize the scaling of their area of interface with their resource environment."

Co-evolution :

Co-evolution - Wikipedia

- [ Traduire cette page ]
In biology, co-evolution is the mutual evolutionary influence between two species. Each party in a co-evolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-evolution - 27k

cosmic co-evolution

In cosmic evolution, ontogeny is regulated by the interplay of physical forces and the results, both in the macro- and the microbranch of co-evolution, are passed on in the form of matter. Whereas macroevolution, in this phase, is at first characterized primarily by the condensation of matter, and therefore by conservative self-organization, different processes play a role in the synthesis of matter in microevolution; they also result in equilibrium structures (stable nuclei and atoms) - or it seems so at least from a macroscopic or intermediate angle of view. The increasingly active co-evolution of both branches seems to bring dissipative self-organization of macrostructures - cores of galaxies and stars - into play. Ontogeny dominates in cosmic evolution. However, there is a kind of unordered "phylogeny" in which matter is transferred criss-cross to new evolutionary sequences. As in the later biological phylogeny, complexity is thereby furthered; here in the form of planetary systems. Also, a controlled long-time burning of smaller stars, such as our sun, is ensured by the carbon cycle which depends on the "phylogeny" of some carbon. This controlled burning, in turn, makes the development of biological complexity on our planet possible. The units of this early phylogeny are highly normalized. The particularities of the history of matter transferred in such a way may be reconstructed only in vague contours, primarily by isotopic ratios which, for example, permit the exact dating of a nearby supernova explosion. In this way, we have only recently discovered something about the supernova which acted as a midwife for our solar system.
The Self-Organizing Universe - Erich JantschErich Jantsch, The Self-Organizing Universe - Scientific and Human Implications of the Emerging Paradigm of Evolution, New York: Pergamon. 1980, pp.208-209



The Nature of Evolution
Alexander Laszlo
a synopsys of the concepts of evolution to be published in World Futures

Coevolution

First some definitions: coevolution is a change in the genetic composition of one species (or group) in response to a genetic change in another. ...
biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BIO48/27.Coevolution.HTML - 11k

Coevolution Institute

The Coevolution Institute's (CoE) mission is to catalyze stewardship of biodiversity. Since its inception in 1997 as a 501 (c)(3) not-for-profit corporation ...
www.coevolution.org/ - 10k

Co-evolution in Epistemic Networks
gents producing and exchanging knowledge are forming as a whole a socio-semantic complex system. Studying such knowledge communities offers theoretical challenges, with the perspective of naturalizing further social sciences, as well as practical challenges, with potential applications enabling agents to know the dynamics of the system they are participating in.

The present thesis lies within the framework of this research program. Alongside and more broadly, we address the question of reconstruction in social science. Reconstruction is a reverse problem consisting of two issues:
(i) deduce a given high-level observation for a considered system from low-level phenomena; and
(ii) reconstruct the evolution of high-level observations from the dynamics of lower-level objects.


The lake Constance Case study.
Characterization of an ecosystem in transition
http://www.schweizerbart.de/pubs/isbn/es/archivadva-3510470559-desc.html

Pareto Zipf Mandelbrot PZM power laws :

the same thing  over and over again, rediscovered by virtually every compartment of reductionist science.

Power laws, Pareto distribution and Zipf's law



V. CONCLUSIONS
In this review I have discussed the power-law statistical
distributions seen in a wide variety of natural and
man-made phenomena, from earthquakes and solar flares
to populations of cities and sales of books. We have seen
many examples of power-law distributions in real data
and seen how to analyse those data to understand the behaviour
and parameters of the distributions. I have also
described a number of physical mechanisms that have
been proposed to explain the occurrence of power laws.
Perhaps the two most important of these are:

1. The Yule process, a rich-get-richer mechanism in
which the most populous cities or best-selling books
get more inhabitants or sales in proportion to the
number they already have. Yule and later Simon
showed mathematically that this mechanism produces
what is now called the Yule distribution,
which follows a power law in its tail.

2. Critical phenomena and the associated concept of
self-organized criticality, in which a scale-factor of a
system diverges, either because we have tuned the
system to a special critical point in its parameter
space or because the system automatically drives itself
to that point by some dynamical process. The
divergence can leave the system with no appropriate
scale factor to set the size of some measured
quantity and as we have seen the quantity must
then follow a power law.

The study of power-law distributions is an area in
which there is considerable current research interest.
While the mechanisms and explanations presented here
certainly offer some insight, there is much work to be
done both experimentally and theoretically before we can
say we really understand the physical processes driving
these systems. Without doubt there are many exciting
discoveries still waiting to be made.

Pareto distribution - Wikipedia

Relation to Zipf's law. Pareto distributions are continuous probability .... Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_distribution - 65k

Zipf's law - Wikipedia

Zipf's law states that given some corpus of natural language utterances, .... Comprehensive bibliography of Zipf's law · Zipf, Power-laws, and Pareto - a ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf's_law - 54k


Structure and dynamics of scientific networks:

Ruiz-Banos R; Bailon-Moreno R; Jimenez-Contreras E; Courtial JP Structure and dynamics of scientific networks. Part II: The new Zipf's Law, the clusters of ...
www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/scientometrics/index-au1-17.html - 54k
Abstract  Here, the quantitative theory of translation is shown to be of great utility in describing scientific networks. In fact, we deduce a new Zipf's Law for the descriptors of a set of documents, based on the concepts of centres of interest and of irreversible parallel translations. This new law can be generalized to other phenomena, such as the distribution of the sizes of cocitation clusters. Finally, we have established the model, for descriptor presence in a network, which closely fits the values recorded.


Zipf-Mandelbrot law, Wikipedia
In probability theory and statistics, the Zipf-Mandelbrot law is a discrete probability distribution. Also known as the Pareto-Zipf law, it is a power-law distribution on ranked data, named after the Harvard linguistics professor George Kingsley Zipf (1902-1950) who suggested a simpler distribution called Zipf's law, and the mathematician Benoît Mandelbrot (born November 20, 1924), who subsequently generalized it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf-Mandelbrot_law


Pareto Zipf Power laws
Zipf, Power-laws, and Pareto - a ranking tutorial
describes the equivalence of Zipf's law and Pareto law
Many man made and naturally occurring phenomena, including city sizes, incomes, word frequencies, and earthquake magnitudes, are distributed according to a power-law distribution. A power-law implies that small occurrences are extremely common, whereas large instances are extremely rare. This regularity or 'law' is sometimes also referred to as Zipf and sometimes Pareto. To add to the confusion, the laws alternately refer to ranked and unranked distributions. Here we show that all three terms, Zipf, power-law, and Pareto, can refer to the same thing, and how to easily move from the ranked to the unranked distributions and relate their exponents.


Pareto efficiency - Wikipedia

- [ Traduire cette page ]
Example of a Pareto frontier. The boxed points represent feasible ... Given a set of choices and a way of valuing them, the Pareto frontier or Pareto set is ...

Pareto superiority, inferiority, and optimality, and the Pareto frontier ...

- [ Traduire cette page ]
(3) An outcome Oi is Pareto optimal just in case no other possible outcome is Pareto superior to it. (4) The Pareto frontier is the set of all of the ...

PDE: A Pareto-frontier Differential Evolution Approach for Multi-objective Optimization Problems ...

- [ Traduire cette page ]
Tre use of evolutionary algorithms. of this paper is to introduce a novel Pareto frontier Differential Evolution PDE algorithm to solve MOPs.

Improved algorithms for Internet routing in Low Earth Orbit ...

MOP algorithm forces the choice of the first direction, .... Fig. 6. Delay vs. distance for the MOP algorithm in a CSD constellation. ...



Power-law distributions in empirical data
Aaron Clauset,1, 2 Cosma Rohilla Shalizi,3 and M. E. J. Newman4

1Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
2Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
3Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
4Department of Physics and Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
USA

Power-law distributions occur in many situations of scientific interest and have significant consequences
for our understanding of natural and man-made phenomena. Unfortunately, the empirical
detection and characterization of power laws is made difficult by the large fluctuations that occur
in the tail of the distribution. In particular, standard methods such as least-squares fitting are
known to produce systematically biased estimates of parameters for power-law distributions and
should not be used in most circumstances. Here we describe statistical techniques for making
accurate parameter estimates for power-law data, based on maximum likelihood methods and the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. We also show how to tell whether the data follow a power-law distribution
at all, defining quantitative measures that indicate when the power law is a reasonable
fit to the data and when it is not. We demonstrate these methods by applying them to twentyfour
real-world data sets from a range of different disciplines. Each of the data sets has been
conjectured previously to follow a power-law distribution. In some cases we find these conjectures
to be consistent with the data while in others the power law is ruled out.



A SMALL WORLD OF HUMAN LANGUAGE

Format de fichier: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Version HTML
Recall the 2nd Zipfs law for. the number of words of given. frequency:. n(f) ∼ f ... scale-free (Barabasi, Albert’99), internet P(k) ∼ k ...
www.lpm.u-nancy.fr/webperso/chatelain.c/GrpPhysStat/PDF/Yu_nancy07a.pdf -

Gutenberg-Richter law - Wikipedia

In seismology, the Gutenberg-Richter law expresses the relationship between the magnitude and total number of earthquakes in any given region and time ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutenberg-Richter_law - 16k

Lotka's law - Wikipedia

Lotka's law [1], named after Alfred J. Lotka, is one of a variety of special applications of Zipf's law. It describes the frequency of publication by ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotka's_law - 19k

Maximum Power Principle, Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_principle
The maximum power principle has been proposed as the fourth principle of energetics in open system thermodynamics, where an example of an open system is a biological cell.


Bradford's law, Wikipedia
Bradford's law is a pattern first described by Samuel C. Bradford in 1934 that estimates the exponentially diminishing returns of extending a search for references in science journals.

information on zipf's law

These papers may be about "Pareto's principle", "Lotka's law", "Bradford's law", "Benford's law", "Heaps' law", etc, or may be about power-law in general. ...
www.nslij-genetics.org/wli/zipf

The Pareto, Zipf and other power laws.

Format de fichier: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Version HTML
power-law behaviour. In economics prime examples are the distributions of incomes (Pareto’s. law) and city sizes (Zipfs law or the rank-size property), ...
linkage.rockefeller.edu/wli/zipf/reed01_el.pdf

Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipfs law

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Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipfs law. Many of the things that scientists measure have a typ-. ical size or “scale”—a typical value around which ...
www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/courses/2006/cmplxsys899/powerlaws.pdf -



Generalized Lotka Volterra GLV
http://ideas.repec.org/p/sce/scecf1/11.html
Generalized Lotka-Volterra (GLV) models extending the (70 year old) logistic equation to stochastic systems consisting of a multitude of competing auto-catalytic components lead to power distribution laws of the (100 year old) Pareto-Zipf type. In particular, when applied to economic systems, GLV leads to power laws in the relative individual wealth distribution and in the market returns. These power laws and their exponent a are invariant to arbitrary variations in the total wealth of the system and to other endogenous and exogenous factors. The measured value of the exponent a = 1.4 is related to built-in human social and biological constraints.

Citebase - Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law

G/A, [] R. Kohli and R. Sah, Market shares:Some power law results and .... Punctuated equilibrium and criticality in a simple model of evolution. Phys. Rev. ...
www.citebase.org/abstract?identifier=oai%3AarXiv.org%3Acond-mat%2F0412004&action=citeshits&citesh... - 60k


Power Law Distributions, 1/f Noise, Long-Memory Time Series

The reason we care about power law correlations is that we're conditioned to think .... M. E. J. Newman, "Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law", ...
www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/notebooks/power-laws.html - 34k

etc ...

Stable power laws in variable economies; Lotka-Volterra implies ...

auto-catalytic elements posses power law distributions of the Pareto-Zipf type. ... n - Ecology and evolution. 89.75.Da - Systems obeying scaling laws. ...
www.edpsciences.org/articles/epjb/abs/2002/10/b02128/b02128.html -

Random networks created by biological evolution [ Abstract, 15 Cites, Cites History, Pre-print PDF ]
4Slanina, Frantisek; Kotrla, Miroslav (2000-04-25) In Physical Review E 62 6170 (2000)
We investigate a model of evolving random network, introduced by us previously [ıt Phys. Rev. Lett. bf 83, 5587 (1999)] . The model is a generalization of the Bak-Sneppen model of biological evolution, with the modification that the underlying network can evolve by adding and removing sites. The b ... Comment: 9 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E (substantially revised version)

Statistical dynamics of religions and adherents

Zipf and Pareto-like plots will be given. After deducing empirical laws, ... 1(b), it can be seen that the Pareto distribution roughly follows a power law ...
stacks.iop.org/0295-5075/77/i=3/a=38002/html



A Directed Network of Greek and Roman Mythology

Y.Choi and H.Kim   Physica A. 382/665, 2007.
Entry listings in a dictionary of mythic provenance can be seen as nodes in a scale-free, power-law array similar to complex systems found throughout biological, social, economic, and internet domains. Whatever universality might human inquiry and narrative lately be able to realize?



Graph mining

- [ Traduire cette page ]
The Mathematical Theory of Infectious Diseases and its Applications 2nd Ed. Charles Griffin, ..... Power laws, pareto distributions and Zipf's law. Contemp. ...
portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1132952.1132954


Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Fulltext: Volume 34(8) August 2007 ...

- [ Traduire cette page ]
From the *Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of ..... Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law. ...
www.stdjournal.com/pt/re/std/fulltext.00007435-200708000-00015.htm;jsessionid=GpyNvqjs5dgMYVjJgZ5gPmcq1JQ...

On “Sexual contacts and epidemic thresholds,” models and inference ...

Format de fichier: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Version HTML
the stochastic mechanism called the Zipf-Estroup law (Estroup, 1916; Zipf, ..... Mathematical Approaches for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: ...
www.csss.washington.edu/Papers/wp31.pdf -

Neural Networks

NeuroDimension - Neural Network Software, Neural Net Software ...

Download a free evaluation copy of NeuroSolutions to discover how to apply neural network technology to your artificial intelligence application.
www.nd.com/ - 15k


Multidimensional Neural Networks Unified Theory

Rama Murthy, G. Faculty member of the International Institute of Information Technology
http://www.newagepublishers.com/servlet/nagetbiblio?bno=001548

Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Life - Mitchell, Forrest ...

158 Designing neural networks using genetic algorithms with grap. ... 37 Intrinsic adaptation in a simple model for evolution (context) - Pack

Generating and Coding of Fractal Graphs by Neural Network and ...

If a network has more layers and. its inputs are interrelated, more coimplex patterns can be. generated. If the stochastic property of the PLN element ...



Memory, Learning, Intelligence

The Ontogeny of Memory and Learning:
Natural Intelligence versus Artificial Intelligence in
Information Technology Education

http://proceedings.informingscience.org/InSITE2006/ProcMota237.pdf


Research networks


 
Complexity Digest - Networking the Complexity Community

 
Complexity digest (ComDig) provides weekly news digest from the fields of science of complexity. It reproduces abstracts of articles dealing with complex ...
www.comdig.org/ - 78k -

enter  PARETO  as search term
  1. Power Laws, Pareto Distributions and Zipf's Law [ 2005.02 ]
  2. Two-Factor Model of Income Distribution Dynamics [ 2004.48 ]
  3. Power [ 2007.07 ]
  4. Multiobjectivity And Complexity In Embodied Cognition [ 2005.37 ]
  5. Market Ecology etc. in Microscopic Simulation of the LLS Stock Market Model [ 2000.22 ]
  6. Scaling Laws and Urban Systems [ 2004.09 ]
  7. Social Segregation and the Dynamics of Group Inequality [ 2006.09 ]
  8. The Power Laws, The Science of Success [ 2002.27 ]
  9. The Mind Of A Child [ 2002.27 ]
  10. Power Laws of Wealth, Market Order Volumes and Market Returns [ 2001.10 ]
enter ZIPF as search  term
  1. Zipf Analysis Of Audio Signals [ 2004.15 ]
  2. On the Universality of Rank Distributions of Website Popularity [ 2004.16 ]
  3. Zipf Distribution of U.S. Firm Sizes [ 2001.37 ]
  4. Scaling In Public Transport Networks [ 2005.04 ]
  5. Zipf's Law, Music Classification, And Aesthetics [ 2005.12 ]
  6. The Mind Of A Child [ 2002.27 ]


Search Engines in Conceptual Space

Sinequa, search and navigation solutions

Sinequa CS Connect to Knowledge™
Sinequa is a French software publisher and service provider that specializes in intelligent access to information: semantic search and navigation engine, ...
www.sinequa.com/en-index.html -

Graph mining

- [ Traduire cette page ]
The Mathematical Theory of Infectious Diseases and its Applications 2nd Ed. Charles Griffin, ..... Power laws, pareto distributions and Zipf's law. Contemp. ...
portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1132952.1132954


empirical World Wide Web distributions :

Zipf, Power-law, Pareto - a ranking tutorial

Here we show that all three terms, Zipf, power-law, and Pareto, can refer to the same .... L.A. Adamic and B.A. Huberman, 'Zipfs law and the Internet', ...
www.hpl.hp.com/research/idl/papers/ranking/ranking.html - 16k

 Evolution of networks and the World Wide Web

A number of giant artificial networks of such a kind came into existence recently. This opens a wide field for the study of their topology, evolution, ...
arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0106144 -

Evolution of Networks: From Biological Nets to the Internet and WWW

EVOLUTION OF NETWORKS. From Biological Nets to the Internet and WWW. SN Dorogovtsev | JFF Mendes. Synopsis · Table of Contents ...
sweet.ua.pt/~f2064/b.html -

[PDF] Growth dynamics of the World wide Web - all 13 versions »
BA Huberman, LA Adamic - J. Reprod. Fertil, 1993 - hpl.hp.com
... tively crawling the web. The distribution of site sizes for crawls by Alexa and
Infoseek is shown in Fig. 1. Both data sets display a power law over several ...
Cited by 368 - Related Articles - View as HTML - Web Search

Search in power-law networks - all 20 versions »
LA Adamic, RM Lukose, AR Puniyani, BA Huberman - Physical Review E, 2001 - APS
... Furthermore, it has been shown that the Internet backbone has a power-law distribution
with exponent values between 2.15 and 2.2 2 , and web page hyperlinks ...
Cited by 549 - Related Articles - Web Search - BL Direct

[PDF] Zipf’s law and the Internet - all 10 versions »
LA Adamic, BA Huberman - Glottometrics, 2002 - hpl.hp.com
... However, the World Wide Web is anything but fixed ... when one computes an exponentially
weighted mixture of lognormals one obtains a power-law distribution exactly ...
Cited by 104 - Related Articles - View as HTML - Web Search

[PDF] Evolutionary Dynamics of the World Wide Web - all 2 versions »
BA Huberman, LA Adamic - Arxiv preprint cond-mat/9901071, 1999 - arxiv.org
... new sites are created at different times in the unfolding story of the Web. This
leads to the prediction of a universal power law in the distribution of the ...
Cited by 57 - Related Articles - View as HTML - Web Search

The Web's hidden order - all 8 versions »
LA Adamic, BA Huberman - Communications of the ACM, 2001 - portal.acm.org
... In order to explain the power law distribution of site sizes, one needs to consider
two additional factors that determine the growth of the Web: sites appear ...
Cited by 84 - Related Articles - Web Search - BL Direct


Frequency of occurrence of numbers in the World Wide Web

Here, we obtain the detailed statistics of numbers in the World Wide Web, finding that their distribution is a heavy-tailed dependence which splits in a set of power-law ones. ....


Movies and Actors: mapping the Internet Movie database

Herr, Bruce W.   Ke, Weimao   Hardy, Elisha   Borner, Katy  
Indiana University;

analysis of co-actor network  (parallel: the the actor network analysis of greek and roman mythology)



Web Advertising : Left - Right - Brain

Théorie de la longe traîne  (theory of scale free  web advertising budgets)

left-right-brain